精读新科学家第55期:在音乐播放器的时代里,为什么有人想听磁带?

In a Spotify world, why does anyone want to listen to cassettes?

ONE morning in 1965, Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards awoke to find that the night before in a stupor he had created the memorable riff to one of the band’s biggest hits.“I had no idea I’d written it, it’s only thank God for the little Philips cassette player,” he recalls.

“I’d put a new tape in the previous night, and saw it was at the end. I pushed rewind and there was Satisfaction.” That recollection neatly frames the convenient magic that made the tape cassette a hit: as the first compact, easy-to-use way to record and play back sound, it was a revelation.

That convenience peaked in 1979 with the launch of the Sony Walkman wearable player. Since then, solid-state and streamed music playback has finished the job of steamrollering tape that CDs started. Yet some feel there is magic left in the cassette. And so, like vinyl, they are hoping to fuel a revival.

Behind this is what’s billed as the world’s last cassette maker, National Audio Company of Springfield, Missouri. With stock dwindling, and its South Korean supplier no longer making raw tape, it had to act, not only to fuel bands like Metallica that still use cassette, but also a growing number of indie bands who want to do likewise. So it bought machines once used to make magnetic strips for credit cards to repurpose for making tape.

“To many, the word cassette brings back bad memories of precious tapes getting snagged in players” To many of us, the very word “cassette” brings back angst-ridden memories of painstakingly made mixtapes getting snagged in players, forcing us to tease out the tangle and wind the tape back up, hoping not to ruin it. Surely it’s a welcome goodbye to all that?

Not necessarily. Music on tape has a unique, vital sound and record labels are picking up on that. Encoding audio as varying magnetic fields, as tape does, is bound to give a different quality to other methods. As a former drummer, its vitality was brought home recently when I played a tape of a 1977 rehearsal. It still had astonishing clarity and presence.

One more good thing: saving the cassette could help protect another old invention from the digital juggernaut: the pencil. You see, there’s nothing better for winding a tape back into a cassette than the sharp end of a six-sided stick of wood and graphite.

In a Spotify world, why does anyone want to listen to cassettes?

ONE morning in 1965, Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards awoke to find that the night before in a stupor he had created the memorable riff to one of the band’s biggest hits. “I had no idea I’d written it, it’s only thank God for the little Philips cassette player,” he recalls.

Word ＆ Expression

1. Cassette

• N. A cassette is a small, flat, rectangular plastic case containing magnetic tape which is used for recording and playing back sound or film. 磁带

• His two albums released on cassette have sold 10 million copies. 

  他以磁带形式发行的两张专辑已售出1000万份。

2. Stupor

• N. Someone who is in a stupor is almost unconscious and is unable to act or think normally,especially as a result of drink or drugs. (尤指由于醉酒或吸毒导致的)神志不清; 不省人事

• He fell back onto the sofa in a drunken stupor. 

  他烂醉如泥，瘫倒在沙发上。

• 词组：affective stupor 情感性木

3. Riff

• N. In jazz and rock music, a riff is a short, repeated tune. (爵士乐和摇滚乐中的)重复乐段

• I was hugely impressed by the rough, loud guitar riff, so unlike the mellow sound of Czechoslovakian music.

  （mellow adj.圆润的）

  滚石乐队粗硬铿锵的吉他即兴重复给我带来极大的震撼，它们与捷克音乐的圆润完全不同。

• N. A riff is a short piece of speech or writing that develops a particular theme or idea. (一小段)讲话; 文章

• Rowe does a very clever riff on the nature of prejudice. 

  (prejudice n.偏见)

  罗发表了一段对偏见的本质十分精辟的讲话

句子精讲：Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards awoke to find that the night before in a stupor he had created the memorable riff to one of the band’s biggest hits.

1. 用作介词，注意以下用法：

(1) 表示时间，意为“在……以前”，其后只能接点时间或具有点时间意义的其他名词，而不能接一段时间。如：

We arrived there two days before Christmas. 我们于圣诞节前两天到达那儿。

(2) 表示在两者中选择其一，意为“宁可……而不愿……”。如：

They would die before surrendering. 他们宁死而决不投降。

2. 用作连词引导时间状语从句，除表示“在……之前”这一基本义外，还有以下用法值得注意：

(1) 表示“不到……就”“还没有……就”。如：

Before he knew it, his piece of meat had fallen into the water. 他还没醒悟过来，那块肉就已经掉进了水里。

(2) 表示“以免”“免得”。如：

Put down that knife before you hurt somebody! 把那刀子放下，以免伤人!

(3) 表示“（必须）先……才能”。如：

Before he knew it, his piece of meat had fallen into the water. 

他还没醒悟过来，那块肉就已经掉进了水里。

(4) 表示“（多久后）才”“（多久后）就”。如：

It won’t be long before they understand each other. 过不了多久他们就会互相了解的。

3. 用作副词，表示“以前”，注意以下用法：

(1) 与具体时间连用（置于其后），通常与过去完成时连用（多见于宾语从句中）。如：

He said he had told her about it two years before. 他说他两年前就把那事告诉她了。

(2) 泛指“以前”，不与具体时间连用，可完成时或过去时连用。如：

You should have told me so before. 你早就该告诉我了。

翻译参考

“I’d put a new tape in the previous night, and saw it was at the end. I pushed rewind and there was Satisfaction.” That recollection neatly frames the convenient magic that made the tape cassette a hit: as the first compact, easy-to-use way to record and play back sound, it was a revelation.

Word ＆ Expression

1. Neat

• ADJ A neat place, thing, or person is organized and clean, and has everything in the correct place. 整洁的

• So they left her in the neat little house, alone with her memories. 

  因此他们把她留在那个整洁的小房子里，独自一人回忆往事。

• ADV 整齐地

• He folded his paper neatly and sipped his coffee. 

  他把报纸叠整齐，抿着他的咖啡。

• ADJ Someone who is neat keeps their home or possessions organized and clean,with everything in the correct place.整洁的 (人)

• "That's not like Alf," he said, "leaving papers muddled like that. He's always so neat." 

  “那可不像阿尔夫，”他说，“让文件乱成那样。他总是很整洁的。”

• ADV 整洁地

• I followed her into that room which her mother had maintained so neatly. 

  我跟着她进了那个她母亲保持得特别整洁的房间。

• ADJ A neat object, part of the body, or shape is quite small and has a smooth outline. 小巧秀气

• neat handwriting. 

  娟秀的字体。

• ADJ A neat movement or action is done accurately and skilfully, with no unnecessary movements. 干净利索的 (行动)

• "Did you have any trouble?" Byron asked, driving into a small parking lot and changing the subject in the same neat manoeuvre. （manoeuvre n.手法）“有什么麻烦吗？”拜伦问道，同时把车开进了一个小停车场并用同样干净利落的手法转换了话题。

• ADV 干净利索地

• He watched her peel and dissect a pear neatly, no mess, no sticky fingers. 

  他看着她利索地削了个梨并切成几块，整整齐齐，手指干干净净。

• ADJ A neat way of organizing, achieving, explaining, or expressing something is clever and convenient. 高明而简便易行的 (办法)

• It had been such a neat, clever plan. 

  这曾是一个如此简便易行的高明计划。

• ADV 高明而简便易行地

• Real people do not fit neatly into these categories. 

  真实的人们不会简便地融入这些类别。

• ADJ If you say that something is neat, you mean that it is very good. 很棒的

• He thought Mick was a really neat guy. 

  他认为迈克是个很棒很棒的家伙。

2. Compact

• ADJ Compact things are small or take up very little space. You use this word when you think this is a good quality. 小巧的

• my compact office in Washington. 

  我在华盛顿的小巧办公室。

• ADJ A compact person is small but looks strong. 矮小结实的

• He was compact, probably no taller than me. 

  他矮小结实，大概没我高。

• 词组：compact structure密实结构

3. Revelation

• N. A revelation is a surprising or interesting fact that is made known to people. 被透露的事实; 被泄露的秘密

• the seemingly ever lasting revelations about his private life. 

  有关他私生活的似乎永无休止的披露。

• N. The revelation of something is the act of making it known. 揭露; 透露

• following the revelation of his affair with a former secretary. 

  在他和前任秘书的风流韵事被揭露之后。

• N. If you say that something youexperienced was a revelation, you are saying that it was very surprising or very good. (惊人的、极好的) 发现

• Degas's work had been a revelation to her. 

  德各斯的工作曾是她的一大发现

• 词组：life revelation 人生启示

句子精讲： That recollection neatly frames the convenient magic that made the tape cassette a hit

Hit的用法

1. Hit somebody a hard blow

 狠狠地打某人

 e.g. She hit him a hard blow. 

她狠狠地打了他一拳。

 2. hit the road

 出发、离开

 e.g. You had better hit the road if you want to be there before it's dark. 

如果我想天黑前到那儿，你最好现在就出发。

 3. hit the spot

 使人满意，正合需要

(原意是射中靶心，射中者对自己的射击技术非常满意。现在，hit the spot常是指食物或饮品尤其令人满意。） 

e.g. My mother is very good at cooking. Her dishes always hit the spot. 

我妈妈厨艺很精湛，她做的菜可好吃了。

4. hit bottom

 到了最低点

翻译

参考

That convenience peaked in 1979 with the launch of the Sony Walkman wearable player. Since then, solid-state and streamed music playback has finished the job of steamrollering tape that CDs started. Yet some feel there is magic left in the cassette. And so, like vinyl, they are hoping to fuel a revival.

Word ＆ Expression

1. Stream

• N. A stream is a small narrow river. 溪流

• There was a small stream at the end of the garden. 

  这个花园的尽头有一条小溪。

• N. A stream of smoke, air, or liquid is a narrow moving mass of it. 一股 (烟、气或液体)

• He breathed out a stream of cigarette smoke. 

  他吐出一缕香烟的烟雾。

• N. A stream of vehicles or people is a long moving line of them. (车或人) 流

• There was a stream of traffic behind him. 

  他身后有一股车流。

• N. A stream of things is a large number of them occurring one after another. 一连串

• The discovery triggered a stream of readers' letters. 

  这个发现引来一连串的读者来信。

• V. If a liquid streems somewhere,it flows or comes out in large amounts.流

• Tears streamed down their faces. 

  泪水顺着他们的脸颊流下来。

• V. If your eyes are streaming, liquid is coming from them, for example because you have a cold. You can also say that your nose is streaming. 流眼泪; 流鼻涕

• Her eyes were streaming now from the wind. 

  她的眼睛现在被风吹得直流泪。

• V. If people or vehicles stream somewhere,they move there quickly and in large numbers, (人或车辆) 大批流动

• Refugees have been streaming into Travnik for months. 

  难民几个月来一直大量流入特拉弗尼克。

• V. When light streams into or out of a place, it shines strongly into or out of it. 照射

• Sunlight was streaming into the courtyard. 

  阳光正照进那院子。

• PHRASE If something such as a new factory or a new system comes on stream or is broughton stream, it begins to operate or becomes available. 投入生产

• As new mines come on stream, Chile's share of world copper output will increase sharply. 

  随着新矿投产，智利在世界铜产量中所占的份额将大幅度增长。

2. Fuel

• N. Fuel is a substance such as coal, oil, or petrol that is burned to provide heat or power. 燃料

• They ran out of fuel. 

  他们用完了燃料。

• 【熟词生义】V. To fuel a situation means to make it become worse or more intense. 加剧

• The result will inevitably fuel speculation about the minister's future.（inevitably adj. 不可避免地）

  该结果将不可避免地加剧人们对首相前途的猜测。

3. Revival

• N. When there is a revival of something, it becomes active or popular again. 再流行; 复兴

• This return to realism has produced a revival of interest in a number of artists. 

  这次向现实主义的回归引起了对许多艺术家兴趣的复苏。

• N. A revival is a new production of a play, an opera, or a ballet. 新版演出

• John Clement's revival of Chekhov's "The Seagull." 

  约翰•克莱门的新版特契诃夫的《海鸥》。

• N. A revival meeting is a public religious event that is intended to make people more interested in Christianity. 奋兴 (布道会)

• He toured the country organizing revival meetings. 

  他巡游全国，组织奋兴布道会

句子精讲：That convenience peaked in 1979 with the launch of the Sony Walkman wearable player.

With 的用法

1. 表示方式、手段或工具等时（=以，用），注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错搭配

如“用英语”习惯上用in English，而不是with English。

2. 与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。

with care=carefully 认真地

with joy=joyfully 高兴地

with anger=angrily 生气地

with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地

3. 表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。

With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 

要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。

4. 比较with和as：两者均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后接名词或代词；后者是连词，用于引导一个句子。

He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。

People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。

5. 复合结构“with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个很有用的结构，它在句中主要用作状语，表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等；其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等。

(1) with+宾语+形容词

He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。

(2) with+宾语+ 副词

He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头 站在老师面前。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上。

(3) with +宾语+ 介词短语

She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。

The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 这个人头枕着胳膊睡着了。

(4) with+宾语+现在分词

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病, 我无法去度假。

(5) with +宾语+ 过去分词

He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。

(6) with +宾语+ 动词不定式

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 

要洗这些衣服, 我无法出去了。

With such good cadres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有这样的执行党的政策, 我们感到放心。

(7) with +宾语+ 名词

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 

他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。

翻译

参考

Behind this is what’s billed as the world’s last cassette maker, National Audio Company of Springfield, Missouri. With stock dwindling, and its South Korean supplier no longer making raw tape, it had to act, not only to fuel bands like Metallica that still use cassette, but also a growing number of indie bands who want to do likewise. So it bought machines once used to make magnetic strips for credit cards to repurpose for making tape.

Word ＆ Expression

1. Dwindle

• V. If something dwindles, it becomes smaller, weaker, or less in number. 缩小; 减少

• The factory's workforce has dwindled from over 4,000 to a few hundred. 

  该厂的工人总数已从4000多减少到了几百人。

2. Likewise

• ADV You use likewise when you are comparing two methods, states, or situations and saying that they are similar. 同样地

• What is fair for homeowners likewise should be fair to businesses. 

  对私房业主公平的，同样也该对商家公平。

• ADV If you do something and someone else does likewise, they do the same or a similar thing. 照样地

• He lent money, made donations and encouraged others to do likewise. 

  他把钱借出、捐出，并鼓励其他人这么做。

3. Strip

• N. A strip of something such as paper, cloth, or food is a long, narrow piece of it. (纸、布或食物的) 条

• a new kind of manufactured wood made by pressing strips of wood together and baking them. 

  一种通过把木条挤压并烘干而制成的新型人造木材。

• N. A strip of land or water is a long narrow area of it. 狭长 (地带或水域)

• The coastal cities of Liguria sit on narrow strips of land lying under steep mountains. 

  利古里亚的那些海滨城市坐落在陡峭山脉下的狭长地带。

• N. A strip is a long street in a city or town, where there are a lot of stores, restaurants, and hotels. 商业街

• Goff's Charcoal Hamburgers on Lover's Lane, a busy commercial strip in North Dallas. 

  在北达拉斯的一条繁忙的商业街——“情人巷”上的戈夫炭烤汉堡店。

• V. If you strip, you take off your clothes. 脱衣服

• They stripped completely, and lay and turned in the damp grass. 

  他们脱光了衣服，躺在潮湿的草地上翻滚。

• PHRASAL VERB Strip off means the same as . 脱衣服

• The children were brazenly stripping off and leaping into the sea. 

  这些孩子们那时正无所顾忌地脱掉衣服，跳进海里。

• V. If someone is stripped, their clothes are taken off by another person, for example in order to search for hidden or illegal things. 脱掉…的衣服

• One prisoner claimed he'd been dragged to a cell, stripped, and beaten. 

  一个犯人声称他曾被拖进一间牢房，被脱掉衣服殴打。

• V. To strip something means to remove everything that covers it. 剥离

• After Mike left for work I stripped the beds and vacuumed the carpets. 

  迈克去上班后，我揭下了床罩并吸了地毯。

• V. If you strip an engine or a piece of equipment, you take it to pieces so that it can be cleaned or repaired. 拆卸

• Volvo's three-man team stripped the car and treated it to a restoration. 

  沃尔沃的3人小组拆了那辆汽车并对它进行了修复。

• PHRASAL VERB Strip down means the same as . 拆卸

• In five years I had to strip the water pump down four times. 

  在5年里我不得不拆卸了那个水泵4次。

• V. To strip someone of their property, rights, or titles means to take those things away from them. 剥夺 (财产、权利); 撤销 (头衔)

• The soldiers have stripped the civilians of their passports, and every other type of document. 

  那些士兵们已经夺走了市民的护照以及所有其他证件。

• N. In a newspaper or magazine, a strip is a series of drawings which tell a story. The words spoken by the characters are often written on the drawings. 连环画

• the Doonesbury strip. 

  杜恩斯伯利的连环画。

• 词组：strip of剥夺

翻译参考

“To many, the word cassette brings back bad memories of precious tapes getting snagged in players”. To many of us, the very word “cassette” brings back angst-ridden memories of painstakingly made mixtapes getting snagged in players, forcing us to tease out the tangle and wind the tape back up, hoping not to ruin it. Surely it’s a welcome goodbye to all that?

Word ＆ Expression

1. Snag

• N. A snag is a small problem or disadvantage. 小问题; 小挫折

• A police clampdown on car thieves hit a snag when villains stole one of their cars. （villain n.恶棍）

  匪徒偷走了警方一辆汽车后，警方打击盗车贼的行动遇到了一点儿小挫折。

• V. If you snag part of your clothing on a sharp or rough object or if it snags, it gets caught on the object and tears. 钩破

• She snagged a heel on a root and tumbled to the ground. 

  她的鞋后跟绊在树根上，跌倒在地。

2. Angst

• N. Angst is a feeling of anxiety and worry. 焦虑

• Many kids suffer from acne and angst. 

  许多孩子深受粉刺和焦虑之苦。

• 词组：Teenage Angst 少年的烦恼

  angst disease 焦虑症

3. Tangle

• N. A tangle of something is a mass of it twisted together in a messy way. 乱糟糟的一团

• A tangle of wires is all that remains of the computer and phone systems. 

  乱糟糟的一团电线是电脑和电话系统留下来的全部。

• V. If something is tangled or tangles, it becomes twisted together in a messy way. 使缠结; 缠结

• Her hair tends to tangle. 

  她的头发易打结。

• V. to come into conflict; contend 与...打架; 争执

• to tangle with the police 

  与警察争执

• 词组：tangle with与…吵架

4. Ruin

• V. To ruin something means to severely harm, damage, or spoil it. 毁坏

• My wife was ruining her health through worry. 

  我妻子的忧虑正在损害着她的健康。

• V. To ruin someone means to cause them to no longer have any money. 使倾家荡产

• She accused him of ruining her financially with his taste for the high life. 

  她指责他因其对高档生活的追求使得她倾家当产。

• N. Ruin is the state of no longer having any money. 破产

• The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin. 

  那些农民们说最近的通货膨胀已经把他们逼到了破产的边缘。

• N. Ruin is the state of being severely damaged or spoiled, or the process of reaching this state. 毁坏; 破落

• The vineyards were falling into ruin. 

  那些葡萄园当时正日渐没落。

• N. The ruins of something are the parts of it that remain after it has been severely damaged or weakened. 残存部分

• The new Turkish republic he helped to build emerged from the ruins of a great empire. 

  。

• N. The ruins of a building are the parts of it that remain after the rest has fallen down or been destroyed. 废墟

• One dead child was found in the ruins almost two hours after the explosion. 

  一名遇难儿童在爆炸发生近两小时后在废墟中被找到。

• PHRASE If something is in ruins, it is completely spoiled. 毁灭了的

• Its heavily subsidized economy is in ruins. 

  它的严重依赖于资助的经济已崩溃了。

• PHRASE If a building or place is in ruins, most of it has been destroyed and only parts of it remain. 成为废墟了的

• The abbey was in ruins. 

  这座修道院成了一片废墟。

句子精讲：To many of us, the very word “cassette” brings back angst-ridden memories of painstakingly made mixtapes getting snagged in players

bring短语用法大集合
1. bring about 引起，实现，导致。

Science has brought about many changes in our lives. 科学给我们的生活带来了很多变化。
2. bring (a)round

(1) 使改变观点或看法。

They tried to bring him round to their views. 他们试图让他改变看法同意他们的意见。

(2) 使苏醒。如：I am sure our doctors will bring him around in no time. 我相信医生会很快把他治好。

(3) 顺便把某人带来串门。

Why don’t you bring your wife around to see us sometime. 为什么不把你妻子哪天带来玩玩
3. bring back
(1) 送还，带回。

如：Please bring back the book tomorrow. 请明天送还这本书。

(2) 使想起，使恢复。

The old photo brought back many memories. 这张旧照片引起了许多回忆。
4. bring down

(1) 击落或打落(飞机、飞鸟等)。

We managed to bring down three of the enemy planes. 我们设法击落了三架敌机。

(2) 打死或打伤(野兽、动物等)(。如：He aimed, fired and brought down the antelope. 他瞄准羚羊射击，把它打倒了。

(3) 使倒下，推翻。如：The wind brought down a number of trees. 大风吹倒了一些树。
The scandal may bring down the government. 。
(4) 降低(温度、价格、费用等)。

The government tried to bring down the price. 政府设法降低价格。
5. bring forth 产生，引起，结果。

Trees bring forth fruit. 树结果实。
6. bring in

(1) 收获(庄稼等)。

We brought in a good harvest last year. 我们去年获得了好的收成。

(2) 获利，(使)得到(收入)。

The sale of the house only brought in about $45，000. 房子只卖了大约45000美元。

(3) 介绍，引进。

He brought in six new members last month. 他上个月介绍了六位新会员。

(4) 聘请。

They’ve brought in experts to advise on the scheme. 他们已聘请专家对这项计划提出意见。

(5) 逮捕，抓入警察局。

Two suspicious characters were brought in. 两个可疑的人被逮捕。
7. bring off
(1) 从船上救出。

The lifeboat brought off all the crew. 救生船把船上所有船员都救了出来。

(2) 成功，设法做成。

It was a difficult task but I brought it off. 那是项困难的工作，但我还是终于把它完成了。
8. bring on

(1) 带来，造成，引起。

Dirt often bring on diseases. 脏东西常常引起疾病。

(2) 促使成长或生长。

The hot weather is bringing the wheat on nicely. 因为天气炎热，小麦长势良好。

(3) 帮助(学习者等)进步或提高。

More study can bring on your English. 多花点时间学习可以提高你的英语水平。
9. bring out

(1) 取出，拿出。

He brought out his dictionary and looked the word up init. 他拿出词典来查这个词。

(2) 显示出，揭示出，衬托出，使出来。

It brought out the meaning of the poem. 它揭示出了这首诗的意义。

(3) 出版(书刊等)，推出(作品、产品等)。

He has brought two new books at the same time. 他同时出版了两本新书。
10. bring over 说服，使改变(思想等)。

You can’t bring me over by such an argument. 你这样的论点不能改变我的看法。
11. bring through 使度过(困难，危机等)。

They brought him through the cold winter. 他们帮他度过严冬。
12. bring together 使和解。
I’m not sure that John and his wife can be brought together. 我不敢说约翰与他妻子能和好如初。
13. bring up

(1) 提出，提起。

Why brought that up again? 又提它干吗?

(2) 抚养，培养。

She brought up five children. 他抚养了五个孩子。

(3) 呕吐。

He was so ill that he brought up everything. 他病得很重，什么都吐了出来。
14. bring sb sth 拿某物给某人。

Bring me today’s paper. 请把今天的报纸给我拿来。

翻译参考

Not necessarily. Music on tape has a unique, vital sound and record labels are picking up on that. Encoding audio as varying magnetic fields, as tape does, is bound to give a different quality to other methods. As a former drummer, its vitality was brought home recently when I played a tape of a 1977 rehearsal. It still had astonishing clarity and presence.

Word ＆ Expression

1. Be bound to

• 必定，肯定

• So there is bound to be something of a fight over this.

  所以，这笔交易肯定会引发争论。

2. Drummer

• N.A drummer is a person who plays a drum or drums in a band or group. 鼓手

• He was a drummer in a rock band. 

  他是一支摇滚乐队的鼓手。

3. Rehearsal

• N. A rehearsal of a play, dance, or piece of music is a practice of it in preparation for a performance. 排练

• The band was scheduled to begin rehearsals for a concert tour. 

  乐队按计划开始了为巡回音乐会进行的排练。

• N.You can describe an event or object that is a preparation for a more important event or object as a rehearsal for it. (重大事件的) 预演

• Daydreams may seem to be rehearsals for real-life situations, but we know they are not. 

  白日梦可能看上去像是真实生活境遇的预演，但我们知道它们不是。

• 词组：dress rehearsal彩排

翻译参考

One more good thing: saving the cassette could help protect another old invention from the digital juggernaut: the pencil. You see, there’s nothing better for winding a tape back into a cassette than the sharp end of a six-sided stick of wood and graphite.

Word ＆ Expression

1. Juggernaut

• N . If you describe an organization or group as a juggernaut, you are critical of them because they are large and extremely powerful, and you think they are not being controlled properly. 难以监控的强大机构(或集团)

• The group became a sales juggernaut in the commodity options business.

  这个集团已经成为一个商品期权交易的销售巨头。

• 词组：the juggernaut of history 势不可挡的历史潮流

2. Graphite

• N. Graphite is a soft black substance that is a form of carbon. It is used in pencils and electrical equipment. 石墨

• When the water hits the graphite hot spot, it turns into steam.

  当水落在石墨的加热点就会转化成水蒸汽。

翻译参考

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